Nations and Groups Involved
Victims: Muslims and Croatians
Perpetrators: Serbs (lead by Radovan Karadzic, General Ratko Mladic), Yugoslav military forces
Political leaders: Communist leader, Josip Tito (died 1980). Nationalist leader, Slobodan Milosevic.
Perpetrators: Serbs (lead by Radovan Karadzic, General Ratko Mladic), Yugoslav military forces
Political leaders: Communist leader, Josip Tito (died 1980). Nationalist leader, Slobodan Milosevic.
Reasons for the Genocide
Western willingness to stop the genocide
-Bosnia wanted to annex Bosnian territory for Serbia and Croatia
-Milosevic pushed for a "Greater Serbia"
-Bosnian Croats and Muslims feared that Milosevic would try to take their land if they were under Yugoslavian control, so they pushed for Bosnian independence
-Milosevic pushed for a "Greater Serbia"
-Bosnian Croats and Muslims feared that Milosevic would try to take their land if they were under Yugoslavian control, so they pushed for Bosnian independence
Promotion
Used television and radio to suppress advocating of multi-ethnic coexistence.
Important Dates
1990-1991- Croatia declares independence from Yugoslavia
Ethnic Serbs and Croats begin conflict in Croatia
UN imposes arms embargo on all of Yugoslavia, preventing use of weaponry
Collapse of communism
1992- Nationalist Serbs fire on peaceful demonstrators in Sarajevo, beginning war
Bosnia recognized as an independent state
Serbs fire, killing 16 people in Sarajevo
Reports of "ethnic cleansing", slaughtering Muslims to create an "ethnically pure" nation
Reports of concentration camps and mass rapes
1993- Serbs assume control over half of the republic and lay siege to Sarajevo
Gas, food and electricity shortages in Sarajevo
Refugees in Central Bosnia
Cease fires are broken and many treaties objected
Serbs order general mobilization among Bosnian Serbs
1994- NATO uses air strikes to relieve humanitarian crisis in Bosnia
Marketplace Massacre leaves 68 dead and over 200 wounded in Sarajevo
Bosnian government army makes successful advances against separatist Serbs recapturing some of the territory in Bosnia's north east corner
Bosnian Serb forces are reinforced by Croatian Serb forces from the neighbouring Krajina region
Bihac is bombed relentlessly
NATO strikes back and bombs the runways in the Serb held airport in Krajina from which bombing raids are flown. Serbs hold over 300 UN troops hostage against further air raids
Former US president Jimmy Carter flies to Sarajevo to negotiate a four month cease fire with warring parties
1995- Cease fire violation by Bosnian Serbs are becoming more common. UN monitors helicopters crossing from Serbia to Bosnia to resupply Bosnian Serb positions
Promises to put Bosnian Serbs under an internal embargo by Serbia's president Milosevic are breached
UN charges 21 Bosnian Serb commanders with genocide and crimes against humanity
Serbrenica overrun by Serb forces on July 11
30,000 refugees flee, around 8000 Bosnian men and boys killed
Ethnic Serbs and Croats begin conflict in Croatia
UN imposes arms embargo on all of Yugoslavia, preventing use of weaponry
Collapse of communism
1992- Nationalist Serbs fire on peaceful demonstrators in Sarajevo, beginning war
Bosnia recognized as an independent state
Serbs fire, killing 16 people in Sarajevo
Reports of "ethnic cleansing", slaughtering Muslims to create an "ethnically pure" nation
Reports of concentration camps and mass rapes
1993- Serbs assume control over half of the republic and lay siege to Sarajevo
Gas, food and electricity shortages in Sarajevo
Refugees in Central Bosnia
Cease fires are broken and many treaties objected
Serbs order general mobilization among Bosnian Serbs
1994- NATO uses air strikes to relieve humanitarian crisis in Bosnia
Marketplace Massacre leaves 68 dead and over 200 wounded in Sarajevo
Bosnian government army makes successful advances against separatist Serbs recapturing some of the territory in Bosnia's north east corner
Bosnian Serb forces are reinforced by Croatian Serb forces from the neighbouring Krajina region
Bihac is bombed relentlessly
NATO strikes back and bombs the runways in the Serb held airport in Krajina from which bombing raids are flown. Serbs hold over 300 UN troops hostage against further air raids
Former US president Jimmy Carter flies to Sarajevo to negotiate a four month cease fire with warring parties
1995- Cease fire violation by Bosnian Serbs are becoming more common. UN monitors helicopters crossing from Serbia to Bosnia to resupply Bosnian Serb positions
Promises to put Bosnian Serbs under an internal embargo by Serbia's president Milosevic are breached
UN charges 21 Bosnian Serb commanders with genocide and crimes against humanity
Serbrenica overrun by Serb forces on July 11
30,000 refugees flee, around 8000 Bosnian men and boys killed
Atrocities Committed
- Mass shootings
- Women subjected to mass rapes
- Loaded over 20,000 women, children and elderly onto busses, moved to front line and mowed down by automatic weapons
- 200,000 people killed, including 12,000 children and 50,000 women raped
- 2.2 million people forced to flee
- Women subjected to mass rapes
- Loaded over 20,000 women, children and elderly onto busses, moved to front line and mowed down by automatic weapons
- 200,000 people killed, including 12,000 children and 50,000 women raped
- 2.2 million people forced to flee
How did it End?
- In 1995 NATO sends air strikes and help Muslims and Croats make territorial gains
- Dayton peace accord signed in Paris. This was a General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Initialed by the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia and the Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY)
-Witnessed by the US, Britain, France, Germany and Russia as well as the European Union Special Negotiator.
General Framework of the Dayton Peace accord
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and the FRY agree to fully respect the sovereign equality of one another and to settle disputes by peaceful means.
The FRY and Bosnia and Herzegovina recognize each other, and agree to discuss further aspects of their mutual recognition.
The parties agree to fully respect and promote fulfillment of the commitments made in various Annexes, and they obligate themselves to respect human rights and the rights of refugees and displaced persons.
The parties agree to cooperate fully with all entities, including those authorized by the United Nations Security Council, in implementing the peace settlement and investigating and prosecuting war crimes and other violations of international humanitarian law.
- Dayton peace accord signed in Paris. This was a General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Initialed by the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia and the Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY)
-Witnessed by the US, Britain, France, Germany and Russia as well as the European Union Special Negotiator.
General Framework of the Dayton Peace accord
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and the FRY agree to fully respect the sovereign equality of one another and to settle disputes by peaceful means.
The FRY and Bosnia and Herzegovina recognize each other, and agree to discuss further aspects of their mutual recognition.
The parties agree to fully respect and promote fulfillment of the commitments made in various Annexes, and they obligate themselves to respect human rights and the rights of refugees and displaced persons.
The parties agree to cooperate fully with all entities, including those authorized by the United Nations Security Council, in implementing the peace settlement and investigating and prosecuting war crimes and other violations of international humanitarian law.
How was Justice Served?
- A war crime tribunal was established (International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia or ICTY)
- Many people on trial for war crimes such as Radovar Kardzic, Rato Mladic and Darzen Erdemovic
- General Mladic charged with 11 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity
- Many people on trial for war crimes such as Radovar Kardzic, Rato Mladic and Darzen Erdemovic
- General Mladic charged with 11 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity
BIBLIOGRAPHY
. N.p.. Web. 21 Apr 2013.
<http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/bosnia/dayton_peace.html>.
Phillip,
G.. N.p.. Web. 19 Apr 2013.
<http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/bosnia.htm>.
. N.p.. Web. 19
Apr 2013. <http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_bosnia1.html>.
. N.p.. Web. 18 Apr
2013. <http://www.cbc.ca/news/interactives/who-genocides/>.
. N.p.. Web. 17
Apr 2013. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1066981.stm>.
Holligan, Anna. n.d.,
n. pag.
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18767036>.
Bonnne, . N.p.. Web. 22
Apr 2013. <http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~bonne20s/causes.html>.
. N.p.. Web. 22 Apr
2013.
<http://srebrenica-genocide.blogspot.ca/2011/02/george-will-perhaps-best-argued-piece.html>.
. N.p.. Web. 22
Apr 2013.
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/11/newsid_4080000/4080690.stm>.
. N.p.. Web. 21 Apr 2013.
<http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/bosnia/dayton_peace.html>.
Phillip,
G.. N.p.. Web. 19 Apr 2013.
<http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/bosnia.htm>.
. N.p.. Web. 19
Apr 2013. <http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_bosnia1.html>.
. N.p.. Web. 18 Apr
2013. <http://www.cbc.ca/news/interactives/who-genocides/>.
. N.p.. Web. 17
Apr 2013. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1066981.stm>.
Holligan, Anna. n.d.,
n. pag.
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18767036>.
Bonnne, . N.p.. Web. 22
Apr 2013. <http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~bonne20s/causes.html>.
. N.p.. Web. 22 Apr
2013.
<http://srebrenica-genocide.blogspot.ca/2011/02/george-will-perhaps-best-argued-piece.html>.
. N.p.. Web. 22
Apr 2013.
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/11/newsid_4080000/4080690.stm>.